Reservoir Simulation Fundamentals for Non-Specialists
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Reservoir Simulation Fundamentals for Non-Specialists Course
Introduction:
The Reservoir Simulation course is designed for petroleum engineers and geoscientists who have been involved in constructing reservoir models and conducting reservoir simulation studies for field development studies as well as project screening purposes. The course is designed to equip the participants with a firm understanding of the fundamental principles of reservoir simulation and to provide a good level of experience on some practical applications. On the latter, a number of examples will be discussed during the class to ensure that participants can develop a robust understanding of the power of the techniques introduced.
Course Objectives:
Participants will gain experience in learning reservoir engineering calculations through the use of many practical examples. This course is intended to provide an understanding of the fundamental principles of petroleum reservoir engineering. Course participants will examine: Critical properties of reservoir rocks Fluid (oil, water, and gas) PVT relationships Methods to calculate hydrocarbons initially in place Dynamic techniques to assess reservoir performance Parameters that impact well/reservoir performance over time Well testing principles and techniques Aquifer characterization Reservoir drive mechanisms for both Oil and Gas reservoirs Reservoir simulation techniques Oil and gas field development planning principles Forecasting production decline Enhanced oil recovery processes.
Who Should Attend?
Engineers or geoscientists who will occupy the position of reservoir engineer, any other technically trained individual that desires a more in-depth foundation in reservoir engineering than is offered in the one-week Basic Reservoir Engineering and Reservoir Engineering for Other Disciplines courses.
The course is intended for petroleum engineers, geologists, and others interested in the behavior and performance of Oil & gas reservoirs, Exploration specialists, geologists, drilling engineers who want to learn the basics of reservoir engineering and the procedures required to properly manage a reservoir's development.
Course Outlines:
Introduction of Multi-Phase, Multi-Component Reservoir Simulation Flow Equations
- Compositional balance
- Black-oil simulation
- Single-phase flow equations
Rock and Fluid Properties for Black Oil Simulation
- Data required for model construction
- Sensitivity of results to data accuracy
- Assignment of property distributions to the simulator
- Establishing initial pressure and saturation distributions
Introduction to Finite-Difference Calculus
- Approximation of derivatives by finite differences
- Using calculus of differences
- Using Taylor series
- Simple applications
Grid Types and Boundary Conditions
- Block-centered grids
- Mesh-centered grids
- Boundary conditions
- Polar grids
- Curvilinear grid systems
- Singularities
Solution Techniques
- Systematic iterative methods
- Direct Solvers
Solution of Elliptic Equations (Incompressible Flow)
- Continuity equation
- Discretization for 1D, 2D, 3D geometries
- Transmissibility concept
- Construction of the coefficient matrix
Solution of Parabolic Equations (Compressible Flow)
- Explicit finite-difference schemes
- Implicit finite-difference schemes
- Truncation error analysis
- Consistency analysis
- Stability analysis
- Alternating direction implicit procedure
- Strongly implicit procedure
- Generalized Newton-Raphson procedure
Treatment of Wells and Well Management In Multi-Layer Reservoirs
- Treatment of wells and well management
- Multi-layer well models
- Mobility weighting
- Material balance checks
- Fully-implicit formulation
- Semi-implicit formulation
Solution Techniques at the Partial Differential Equation Level
- Simultaneous solution approach
- Implicit pressure explicit saturation approach
Advanced Solution Algorithms for Systems Of Algebraic Equations
- Conjugate gradient method
- Generalized Newton-Raphson method
History Matching and Forecasting Future Performance
- Objectives of modeling historical reservoir performance
- Strategy and plans for history matching
- Manual and automatic history matching
- Planning the prediction cases to be run
- Evaluating and monitoring the predicted performance
Special Topics
- Variable bubble point formulation
- Cubic equation of states for compositional simulation
- Automatic time step size selector
- Limiting numerical dispersion
- Grid orientation effects
- Grid reordering
- Relationships between classical reservoir analysis tools and reservoir simulation
- Interpolation and table-look-up techniques
Summary of Reservoir Simulation
- A review of the critical components of reservoir simulation
- Examples of challenging problems in reservoir simulation
