Improved Natural Gas Conditioning and Processing
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Improved Natural Gas Conditioning and Processing Course
Introduction:
Natural gas, as it is used by consumers, is much different from the natural gas that is brought from underground up to the wellhead. Gas conditioning and processing separate contaminants to make it suitable for use. The process and equipment vary widely depending on the desired specification and applications of gas. Since its discovery, natural gas has become an indispensable fuel source throughout the world. The knowledge on handling issues in gas conditioning and processing will identify the productivity, safety, and profitability of the company.
Course Objectives:
By the end of this training course, participants will be able to:
- Learn the causes of overpressure and how to deal with them
- Enhance knowledge on sizing, specification, and selection of compressors and be able to integrate compressor systems into process facilities
- Identify water content and hydrate formation conditions for gas streams using hand calculation methods and gain techniques to inhibit hydrate formation
- Provide professionals with knowledge on how to design, operate and address issues on gas conditioning & processing
- Effectively select and evaluate processes used to dehydrate natural gas
- Maximize profitability thru proper techniques on gas conditioning and processing
- Improve and increase production with the use of new technology, proper design, and storage
- Gain insights from an expert on liquefaction and regasification of cryogenic gases
- Understand gas to liquids conversion and its economic value
Who Should Attend?
This course is intended for all experienced Process, Productions and Operations Professionals who are involved in the design, installation, evaluation and operations of gas processing plants and related facilities such as; process engineers, production engineers, plant operators personnel, facilities engineers, field engineers, maintenance engineers & supervisors as well as mechanical engineers.
Course Outlines:
Gas and Liquid Hydraulics
- Calculation of pressure drop for single and two-phase systems
- Introduction to flow regimes
- Centrifugal and positive displacement pumps
- Concept of power and head
- Exercise: Interpretation and Use of Pump Curves
Relief and Flare Systems
- Causes of overpressure and how to deal with them
- Defining relief cases
- Introduction to and application of API 520 and 521
- Selection and sizing of relief devices
- Design and operation of the relief and flare systems
- Exercise: Hands-on Calculation on Relief Valve Sizing
- Compression Systems
- Types of compressors
- Centrifugal
- Reciprocating
- How to apply thermodynamics to compressor performance and operating characteristics
- How to size, specify, and select compressors
- Compressor auxiliary systems
- lube oil and seal oil systems
- suction and discharge vessels
- Group Discussion: How to Integrate Compressor Systems into Oil and Gas Process Facilities
Principles of Gas Hydrate Formation and Methods of Control
- How to determine the water content and hydrate formation conditions for gas streams using hand calculation methods
- Techniques to inhibit hydrate formation including injection of equilibrium inhibitors such as methanol and MEG
- Dew point control of sales gas stream and removal of natural gas liquids (NGL) using mechanical refrigeration processes
Case Study: Natural gas is produced from offshore wells and injected into dry (depleted) gas wells for storage. As the storage wells are depleted during the consumption phase, the pressure drops in the wells, causing the operating point to move into the hydrate-forming part of the phase envelope. Gas hydrate forms, operations become highly erratic, the well becomes blocked with gas hydrate and the well has to be shut down, causing a gas shortage in the national gas grid. A unique method is devised to coat the walls of the wells with a TEG/methanol mixture which is dragged along with the gas and breaks up the hydrate particles as they are being formed.
Principles of Gas Dehydration (GLYCOL)
- Advantages and disadvantages of various glycol species
- Discussion of water content and dew point specification
- Selection and evaluation of processes used to dehydrate natural gas
- Calculation methods of TEG dehydration processes
- Gas Treating
- Carbon dioxide removal
- Sulfur removal
- Mercury removal
- Principles of Gas Liquefaction and Storage (with emphasis on LNG and ethylene)
- Review of fundamentals of gas processing technology as applied to liquefaction and regasification of cryogenic gases.
- Overview of liquefaction technologies and the advantage and disadvantages of each
- Review of heat exchangers used in cryogenic processes
- Review of gas treatment, fractionation, and auto refrigeration
Case Study: The actual LNG storage tank is designed. Participants will learn how to design a million barrel-tank that can withstand a temperature of minus 1600C and below and the large pressure swings occurring during typhoons. Knowledge of instrumentation and equipment has been developed specifically for very low-temperature (cryogenic) conditions.
New Technology
- Floating LNG Units and storage
- Advantages and disadvantages over conventional land-based trains
- Status of the industry
- Processes employed
- Challenges
- Prospects for the future
- Gas-to-Liquids
- Why convert natural gas to liquids?
- Development and present status of the industry
- Overview of the processes used
- Economics of producing specialty paraffin’s from gas
